The Linux Distro Thread (maybe)

Thought I'd start this one off, rather than continue on another thread.

As a quick catch up for others:

Have a look at Unetbootin, as a means to try out different versions of Linux, without producing numerous coasters (unwanted CDs).
I haven't tried the method of installing to hard drive, only the USB flash drive method (so far).



(c) E Jonsen
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The Linux Distro Thread (maybe)

I'd like to try converting my Mint partition from ext 2 to ext 3 - preferably without ending up having to reinstall three operating systems on two hard-drives (crosses fingers).

Is this too good to be true?

If the fstab file contains a line like:

Code:

/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1

then you could change "ext2" to "ext3", and the filesystem will be converted at the next boot.


The relevant line in my fstab file would seem to be :

UUID=d56021c8-80d5-4daa-8820-d18ffb4b353c / ext2

Other folk seem to enter a lot of command-line work whose significance I haven't quite gathered yet.

I THINK the command was :

sudo tune2fs j /dev/sdb5

Or - do I first run the tune2fs command, THEN edit the fstab file and restart? And can I do this from within the Mint installation, or should it be done running the live CD?

Forgive all the questions - sometimes googling just works, and sometimes I just don't ask the right questions!
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Having never done it, It'll be a wing and a prayer job.
The first may actually work (a journal would need to be automatically created) but I ain't screwing my installations by trying 😛
This can be altered whilst running Mint and I've a sneaky suspicion that fsck will run a boot time and create the required journal. So alter the fstab, then reboot with crossed fingers [It'll be possible to change it back if needed using the Live CD].


The command would actually be:
sudo tune2fs -j /dev/sdb5 - where /dev/sdb5 is the 5th partition on the second HDD. It's manually creating the journal.
Yes, I would run this from a Live CD.



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Yes, I would run this from a Live CD.

Ta - I'll try that. It was all looking good until I rebooted - nothing had changed.

Right - try from the live CD.

I may be gone some time.
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Several attempts later, still no joy.

I think I may have figured out why.

The partition I'm trying to change to ext3 is within an extended partition. Also within the extended partition is the drive's linux swap partitions.

I suspect that the live disk seeks out swap space as soon as it is launched, and locks the relevant partition.

Still not quite sure why a reboot doesn't solve the problem - I gather ext3 is just ext4 with a journalling "file" (forget the correct word) incorporated. There's no actual re-formatting involved, as far as I can see.

Whatever the reason - it's working quite happily, so I'll leave it as it is and hope I don't have too many crashes. Apparently, these lead to a protracted disk check on restart on an non-journalling system. Even then, we're only talking a partition of 17 or 18 gb.

A beautiful evening here - I think a little walk is indicated before any more adventures in cyber-space.
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Some reading for you:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4

Think of ext2 as being FAT and ext3 as NTFS (though somewhat better).

Shouldn't make any odds being in an extended partition.

"I suspect that the live disk seeks out swap space as soon as it is launched, and locks the relevant partition. " - correct. Controlled by swapon/swapoff.

"Even then, we're only talking a partition of 17 or 18 gb." - size is of no consequence, it's what it's used for that counts (said the wee guy in the corner).



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Interesting - I've given file systems very little thought.

It does look as though Linux files systems are probably ahead of NTFS in terms of performance and data security, from what I've noticed in a couple of articles. I suppose one of the big advantages of open-source is the ability to evolve, without the economic and corporate-political restraints presumably imposed upon the developers of some proprietary sytems.

If my new/old (as in second hand) 80gb drive proves viable, I obviously need to do a little thinking before installing Mint and Ubuntu. Might it be worth looking at ext4, or is it sensible to wait until a couple more wrinkles have been ironed out? And is there any real performance advantage to using, say, the reiser file system?

At least certain Famous Software Brands save one having to think. I am beginning to suspect that this may not be a good thing.

In the meantime, though - I'm really pleased with Gloria - even on ext2. So far, a smooth and quick system. I'm sure it boots up faster than Felicia, too - which would make sense if it's base on Ubuntu 9.04, I guess, as they worked pretty hard on speeding that up.

I also like the play on "splash screen." And it's really quite easy on the eye.
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[Notice for possible database guru onlookers: apologies for any simplification ;-)]

*** Warning Geek Talk ***

There's not much point in journalling for a temporary (or static) filesystem but it's very handy otherwise, especially on laptops, which are rebooted frequently.

In my SVR4.2 days, I had never heard of journalled filesystems and became acquainted with the subject whilst using AIX. I'd been used to data integrity by using RAID5 disc configurations but not filesystem integrity. Enterprise databases had been using a journalling system for some time, with transactional processing.

Whilst using distributions in the Mandrake era (now Mandriva), I'd used Reiser extensively. Ever since ext3 became an integral part of the Linux kernel, I been using it. There have been various performance tests, comparing the likes of JFS, Reiser and ext3 but TBH, I haven't really paid much attention. I guess I would, if I was building a real-time or high performance system and look for possible alternatives.

My recommendation to use Mint has stemmed from experiences of quite a few *nix variants. I do think it marries the best of Ubuntu with OpenSuse and is a viable alternative for a lot of users. Relatively simplistic for general use, with enough similarities to Ubuntu, to keep it mainstream.
Just as a comparison, I went through to the desktop "Mandriva Free" today and was entirely frustrated at not getting the D-link USB wireless dongle to search for the router. I gave up and took the laptop through to print by directly connecting to the printer. Just didn't have the time (or inclination) to get it to co-operate.

I noticed that the 64-bit edition of Mint 7 has just been released, so for you people fortunate enough, it's worth a look.



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Probably worth working with ext3, then - tried and tested, and pretty competent.

Largely under the influence of this board, I've tried out quite a few distros (for a "newbie"). So far, Mint is probably the one which has impressed me most. It seems to offer all Ubuntu's advanced features, but is somehow - I don't know - easier. Might just be something to do with a subtly different attitude towards proprietary drivers? I'm not sure.

Mandriva, on the other hand, seems far more forgiving of limited computer resources. (The GNOME version - I couldn't make the KDE version work with less than half a gig of RAM). It's running very happily on a T22 Thinkpad with 256mb of RAM (and a 900-odd mhz processor.) Mepis is doing OK on a similar Thinkpad. But Mepis, especially, took a bit of effort compared with Mint before it would talk to my router. Nice support site and forum, though.

A bit off the topic of file systems, I know - but there is a huge variety on offer under the Linux umbrella.

And my other favourite is Puppy - which works brilliantly with no file system at all. And which has enabled me to rescue all my documents and pictures from a dead Windows installation.
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Yep, Puppy is "the biz" for a lightweight distribution :-)



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Item number 230345908641

(Sells USB flash drives with Linux distros and other portable software)

Interesting - must be a bit of a hobby. Even given the high-ish P & P, he/she can't be making much out of this. I'd love to know where to obtain even 1GB USB flash drives that cheaply.

This seller could be of interest to folk interested in giving Linux a shot, but not keen on the downloading or burning to CD/installing to pen-drive bit.

Sigh - returns to trying to figure out why Mint flatly refuses to mount flash drives.
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Just D/led a copy of DSL - burnt to CD and put in my ancient Thinkpad .

It took longer to reset the BIOS to boot from CD than it did to load the OS - something under 2 minutes from boot to online capable.

Now I'd better go and read the manual- but looks like a good thing to have in the toolbox.

Version is 4.4.10- very user friendly so far.
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I've yet to get DSL onto the internet - no drivers for my wireless cards.

Time to dig out the ethernet cable, then.

And I STILL can't get this monster to mount USB drives. Perhaps tomorrow. (A slight but persistent hangover MIGHT not be helping.)

Slitaz is also interesting (haven't had that on the internet either; really must make an effort) - even smaller than DSL.
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Mint flatly refuses to mount flash drives - strange, I have no issues whatsoever.

lspci | grep USB

lsmod | grep usb




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| - sorry, for clarity, this is the vertical bar, often over '\'.



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Just a note for EJ -some time back Puppy was mentioned in the same sentence as may old Thinkpad -


Puppy does run on the Thinkpad - no problems as long as the version is the Retro version with the older 2.6.21.7 kernel .

Any attempts with the "New" kernel version hang at the"Looking for Puppy files on hard drives" step (just the second step in .)

It does the same on Mrs T's PC which is an ECS K7S5A mobo from around 2002.

Have yet to try it on anything else.

Back to DSL - very much more user friendly than Puppy - particularly for Internet connection- needs no setup -unlike Pup which always insists on going thru a setup process before it will connect (Via LAN/Netgear Router).
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Thanks for the update, Truff. Time for me to revisit DSL - it was very basic when I last looked (some time ago) 🙂
It was the first of the 'light' distributions, as its name suggests ;-)



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Main thing is the speed - under 2 minutes from power on to internet ready - for a Live CD that is quick.

For the kind of thing we were discussing a while ago about secure Live CD options for banking etc - it's getting well in to the zone of reality for that kind of thing.

It is quicker from power up to online than Mrs T's old PC (on WinXP)- and this is in a 11 year old 300mhz CPU laptop.

Haven't actually tried it in either of the frontline desktops here but may give it a go later.
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Just had another go at the commands given in # 272:

lspci | grep USB
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01)

lsmod | grep usb
rt73usb 33412 0
crc_itu_t 10112 1 rt73usb
rt2500usb 27904 0
rt2x00usb 18688 2 rt73usb,rt2500usb
rt2x00lib 37888 3 rt73usb,rt2500usb,rt2x00usb
mac80211 217208 2 rt2x00usb,rt2x00lib

That was with no flash drive plugged in. With one plugged in:

lspci | grep USB
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBL/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-L/ICH4-M) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801DB/DBM (ICH4/ICH4-M) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01)

lsmod | grep usb
usb_storage 82880 0
rt73usb 33412 0
crc_itu_t 10112 1 rt73usb
rt2500usb 27904 0
rt2x00usb 18688 2 rt73usb,rt2500usb
rt2x00lib 37888 3 rt73usb,rt2500usb,rt2x00usb
mac80211 217208 2 rt2x00usb,rt2x00lib

Hmmm. Linux is talking Martian to me again. Is there anything here to point us in the direction of a "cure"?

(The current problem is that Mint won't mount USB flash drives. The error message reads, "Unable to mount location. Can't mount file." This happens on right clicking the usb drive's icon under "Computer" - no icon appears on the desktop).

All suggestions gratefully received! (just going to try the CD, and see whether it can mount THAT. Back shortly.)
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Just to say that DSL LIVE CD will go from Power On to Internet ready in about 1 min 40 secs on a desktop here....Not the quickest of machines - AMD XP3000 at 10% overclock on a MSI KT6V-LSR(MS-7021) - 768MB DDRAM @333mhz.
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DSL LIVE CD will go from Power On to Internet ready in about 1 min 40 secs

It would be interesting to compare that with Puppy. (I'll try to remember to time my next session with that distro.)

I still find Puppy simpler and more intuitive to use, but haven't given DSL a fair chance - unfairly put off by its inability to provide wireless connection.

What a confession! I've just realised that makes me too darned lazy to figure out how to find and add suitable drivers. Cringe.

On the Mint/mount problem.(#277 etc.) The Ubuntu partition on the same drive mounts USB and CD drives effortlessly, so presumably we're not looking at a hardware problem here.

I'll continue googling. What I've found so far is somewhat over my head. So any ideas will be very welcome.

No urgency, though. In fact, I thought I might wander off and try G-C's tutorial on imaging a Windows hard drive. I have the perfect candidate - one of my old eBay laptops which came, no surprise, without a recovery CD.

And which contains nothing of real value in the event of an "oops."
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