In all my time of driving just about anything with wheels or tracks on it, I've never heard an individual say that their decision to buy a car was influenced by the emissions it gave out. Those that couldn't afford much, bought what we used to lovingly call bangers and emissions definitely didn't concern them. Those that could afford what they wanted, bought for looks, power, reliability, economical fuel consumption, cheap to run ( servicing etc. ) but what emissions they gave out; was never on the agenda. Governments make policy on traffic pollution, because they are bound by pollution made by ALL vehicles. Individuals are only concerned by one Car.........THEIRS. So when large Motor manufacturers, produce software to deliberately circumvent national or international laws or regulations; they do so for their own benefit and without a care for the future health and well being of millions. Individuals automatically presume ( with the laws and regulations that their governments have put in place ) that the Car they buy ( new at least ) does what it says on the Tin.